SAT vs. ACT: Which Test Should You Take?

The SAT and ACT are both standardized tests used for college entrance exams. They are designed to assess a student’s readiness for college-level work. While both tests serve the same purpose, they have critical differences in format, content, and scoring.

SAT

The SAT exam features two primary multiple-choice sections: 

Evidence-Based Reading and Writing, and Math. The Reading and Writing section includes Reading and Writing and Language passages, while the Math section includes calculator and non-calculator portions. The SAT has an optional essay section that some colleges mandate.

The SAT has a scoring range of 400 to 1600, which covers the Reading, Writing, and Math sections. Additionally, the essay section has a scoring scale ranging from 2 to 8. The test is three hours long, with an additional 50 minutes for the essay section.

ACT

The ACT is also a multiple-choice test, but it consists of four main sections: English, Math, Reading, and Science—the English section tests grammar and usage, while the Math section includes both calculator and non-calculator portions. 

The Reading section includes passages from different subjects, and the Science section includes data interpretation and analysis.

The ACT has a scoring range from 1 to 36, and each section receives its score. The scores are averaged to give a composite score, which is also on a scale of 1 to 36. The test is two hours and 55 minutes long, with an additional 40 minutes for the optional essay section.

SAT vs. ACT

When deciding between the SAT and ACT, it’s essential to consider the differences in format and content. 

The SAT is generally more focused on reasoning and critical thinking, while the ACT focuses on testing a student’s knowledge of specific subjects. The ACT also includes a Science section, which the SAT does not.

Each section of the ACT is scored individually, and the overall score ranges from 1 to 36.

However, it’s important to note that most colleges and universities accept both tests, and neither test is more complicated.

Test Structure and Content

SAT Structure

The SAT, a three-hour standardized exam, comprises three core sections: Reading, Writing and Language, and Math. Students can take an additional essay segment, which takes up another 50 minutes. 

The test’s total score can range from 400 to 1600, with individual sections rated between 200 and 800. In the Reading section, students analyze passages from diverse fields such as literature, science, and social studies. 

The Writing and Language section tests editing and revision skills, while the Math section delves into topics like algebra, geometry, and trigonometry.

ACT Structure

The ACT is an exam that spans roughly three hours and 35 minutes, factoring in the optional essay. It’s broken down into four core sections: 

English, Math, Reading, and Science. Individual scores for these sections vary between 1 and 36, with an average final composite score.

In the English section, students are evaluated on their grasp of grammar, punctuation, and sentence construction. The Math section covers areas like algebra, geometry, and trigonometry. 

Students’ skills in reading and interpreting passages from various fields, such as social studies, natural sciences, and literature, are tested in the Reading section. 

Meanwhile, the Science section focuses on students’ ability to decipher and understand scientific data.

The SAT and ACT have an optional essay segment, scored separately. The SAT essay gauges a student’s skill in dissecting and explaining an author’s argumentative approach. 

On the other hand, the ACT essay looks into a student’s proficiency in scrutinizing and analyzing intricate issues and viewpoints.

Scoring and Interpretation

SAT Scoring

The SAT uses a scoring scale of 400-1600, divided into two primary sections: Evidence-Based Reading and Writing (ERW) and Math. Both sections have scores ranging from 200-800. 

Additionally, there’s an optional Essay section, which is scored separately between 2-8. The overall SAT score combines the ERW and Math section scores. Subscores are also provided for Reading, Writing Language, and Math, each with a scale of 10-40.

Top colleges in the U.S. typically look for SAT scores between 1400-1600. For the class of 2021, the average SAT score was 1051, within the overall score range of 400-1600.

ACT Scoring

The ACT has four primary sections: English, Math, Reading, and Science. Each of these sections is scored between 1 and 36. The Composite score represents the average of these four section scores, rounded to the closest whole number. 

An optional Essay section is scored separately, ranging from 2 to 12. 

For top colleges in the United States, the typical ACT score range is between 30 and 36. The average ACT score for the class of 2021 stood at 20.6, with possible scores ranging from 1 to 36.

Concordance Tables

The College Board and ACT have developed official concordance tables that compare SAT and ACT scores. Colleges and universities use these tables to compare scores from the two tests. 

The tables show the equivalent SAT and ACT scores for each other, based on the scores of students who took both tests.

It is important to note that the tables are not perfect predictors of how a student will perform on one test based on their performance on the other. 

However, they can provide a general idea of how a student’s scores on one test might translate to the other test.

Test Subjects

The SAT and ACT exams focus on similar topics, but their testing approaches vary. Grasping these variations can guide students in choosing the most suitable test.

Mathematics

The SAT and ACT math skills, but the SAT emphasizes algebra and problem-solving, while the ACT includes more trigonometry and geometry. The SAT allows using a calculator for one of its math sections, while the ACT will enable calculators for all its math sections.

The SAT math section includes multiple-choice and grid-in questions, while the ACT math section is entirely multiple-choice. The SAT also provides a formula sheet, while the ACT does not.

English

Both tests assess English language skills, including grammar, vocabulary, and reading comprehension. However, the ACT includes more questions on punctuation, while the SAT includes more questions on vocabulary.

The SAT includes a reading section for literature, history, and science passages. At the same time, the ACT consists of a reading section focusing on social studies and natural sciences.

Writing

The writing sections of both tests assess a student’s ability to express ideas clearly and concisely. The SAT includes a written essay, while the ACT is optional.

The SAT essay is scored on three domains: reading, analysis, and writing, while the ACT essay is scored on four domains: ideas and analysis, development and support, organization, and language use.

Science

The ACT includes a science section, while the SAT does not. The ACT science section tests students’ ability to interpret and analyze scientific data, charts, and graphs. The section does not test specific scientific knowledge.

The science section of the ACT includes questions on biology, chemistry, physics, and earth science, as well as data analysis and interpretation.

Test Preparation

Preparing for the SAT or ACT is crucial for achieving a good score. Both tests require a solid understanding of mathematics, problem-solving skills, and the ability to work at a reasonable pace. Here are some tips for preparing for each test.

SAT Preparation

To prepare for the SAT, students should take a full-length practice test to assess their strengths and weaknesses. This will help them identify areas that need improvement and focus their study efforts. 

Many resources are available to help students prepare for the SAT, including video lessons, practice tests, and study guides.

One of the best ways to prepare for the SAT is to take advantage of the College Board’s official resources, such as the SAT Study Guide and the Official SAT Practice on Khan Academy. 

These resources provide students with practice tests, video lessons, and personalized study plans to help them improve their scores.

Focusing on mathematics and problem-solving skills is essential when preparing for the SAT. The math section of the SAT covers topics such as algebra, geometry, and trigonometry, so students should review these topics thoroughly. 

The SAT and ACT exams have comparable content, yet they test in distinct ways. Recognizing these differences allows students to determine the proper exam for their needs.

ACT Preparation

To prepare for the ACT, students should also take a full-length practice test to assess their strengths and weaknesses. This will help them identify areas that need improvement and focus their study efforts. 

Many resources are available to help students prepare for the ACT, including video lessons, practice tests, and study guides.

One of the best ways to prepare for the ACT is to take advantage of the official resources provided by the ACT, such as the ACT Online Prep and the ACT Academy. 

These resources provide students with practice tests, video lessons, and personalized study plans to help them improve their scores.

When preparing for the ACT, it’s essential to focus on mathematics and problem-solving skills, just like with the SAT. The math section of the ACT covers topics such as algebra, geometry, and trigonometry, so students should review these topics thoroughly. 

Practicing problem-solving strategies is essential for enhancing one’s ability to swiftly and accurately address complex issues.

In addition to mathematics, the ACT also includes reading, science, and English sections. Students should practice reading comprehension and analysis skills to prepare for the reading and science sections. They should also review grammar and punctuation rules to prepare for the English section.

Test Taking Strategies

When taking the SAT or ACT, having a solid test-taking strategy can make a big difference in your final score. Here are some tips to help you prepare for test day:

Timing

The SAT and ACT are timed tests, so you must pace yourself and manage your time wisely. Ensure you know how many questions are in each section and how much time you have to complete them.

Calculator

The SAT allows using a calculator in one of its math sections, while the ACT allows using a calculator in all of its math sections. Make sure you know how to use your calculator efficiently and effectively.

Multiple-Choice Questions

Both tests are primarily multiple-choice, so knowing how to approach these types of questions is essential. Remember to read each question carefully and eliminate any incorrect answers before selecting.

Guessing

There is no penalty for guessing on either the SAT or ACT, so if you’re unsure of an answer, it’s better to make an educated guess than to leave it blank.

Testing Time

The SAT is approximately 3 hours long, while the ACT is about 2 and 55 minutes long. Ensure you’re well-rested and prepared to sit for the entire test duration.

Test Taker

Lastly, remember that everyone has their strengths and weaknesses in test-taking. Take the time to identify your areas of weakness and work on improving them before test day. Before the test, sleep well, eat right, and drink water. This helps you do your best.

College Applications and Scholarships

Regarding college applications and scholarships, both the SAT and ACT are widely accepted by U.S. colleges. However, students must research the specific requirements of the colleges they are interested in before deciding which test to take.

Colleges and universities often provide scholarships based on SAT and ACT scores. Some scholarships require a minimum score, while others offer larger awards for higher scores. 

Students should research the scholarship opportunities available at the colleges they are interested in and aim to achieve the required scores.

It’s also vital for students to consider the application process for scholarships. While some scholarships may only require test scores and a basic application, others may require letters of recommendation, essays, and more. Students should plan and give themselves ample time to complete all necessary application materials.

In addition to scholarships, SAT and ACT scores can also play a role in the college application process. While many colleges pursue test-optional admissions, some still require or recommend submitting test scores. 

Students should research the specific requirements of the colleges they are interested in and aim to achieve scores that meet or exceed those requirements.